A positive mindset after experiencing a stroke or heart disease diagnosis could significantly lower the risk of future health problems, research suggests.

Scientists have proposed that using hope as a form of “self-prescription” can be a powerful tool in helping prevent additional health issues.

The study, which was funded by the British Heart Foundation (BHF), looked at data from 12 previous studies, including 5,540 patients with conditions like coronary heart disease, stroke, and heart valve problems. The findings were presented at the British Cardiovascular Society conference in Manchester.

The typical age of people in the study was 60 and 63 per cent were men.

One of the research papers on 2,482 men found hopelessness was associated with a six-fold higher death risk from heart disease in those with pre-existing heart conditions, and a 2.3-fold higher risk in those without any problems.

Meanwhile, a separate study on women found higher levels of hope were protective against angina, which is chest pain caused by heart disease.

Elsewhere, in stroke patients, higher hope was linked to a much lower risk of post-stroke fatigue.

And in six studies reporting psychological outcomes, higher hope was linked to lower depression and anxiety levels, enhanced resilience and improved quality of life.

The research further indicated that people with higher hope scores tended to have greater levels of self-care and were less likely to skip taking their medication.

Dr Alexander Montasem, senior lecturer in psychology at the University of Liverpool and author on the study, said: “For many people, living with cardiovascular disease can be a difficult experience.

“Patients often struggle with debilitating symptoms as well as anxiety about the future. This study aimed to reveal more about how people’s outlook on their situation can influence their health.

“Our systematic review suggests that hopelessness could increase people’s risk of death, but also their symptoms and how well they stick to treatment plans.

“Mental health support could be very beneficial for a wide range of people with heart problems.”

Dr Sonya Babu-Narayan, clinical director at the British Heart Foundation, said: “This research is a good reminder of how staying hopeful wherever possible can be helpful when it comes to living with cardiovascular disease.

“It could be an important self-prescription for maintaining your wellbeing and quality of life, alongside your current medical care.”

Ruth Goss, senior cardiac Nurse at the British Heart Foundation, said: “The review showed that people with hope followed their treatment plans more closely, and it’s important to remember that the best thing you can do for your health is to follow the advice recommended by your doctor.

“Looking after your physical and emotional wellbeing is important for people living with cardiovascular disease, and if anyone is struggling, they should speak to their medical team.”